The tree grape is a slow-growing succulent with a huge swollen trunk (caudiciform). These plants occur in Namibia where they are exposed to very dry and hot conditions. Wild grapes have therefore evolved and adapted very well in order to survive. The presence of white, drooping, papery pieces of bark on the yellow green stems is very typical of this species. In summer this helps to reflect away the sunlight in order to keep the plant cool. The thick, fleshy stem and leaves act as water reservoirs in times of drought. A fully grown plant can measure up to 2 m.

Leaves are large, shiny, ovate, fleshy and toothed and fall off during the winter months. Flowers are inconspicuous, but the large grape-like bunches of bright wine-coloured berries near the end of summer make this succulent a true showpiece for container and garden alike.

Growing Cyphostemma juttae

Cyphostemma juttae is a very sought-after plant for the garden, as are other caudiciform plants such as baobabs, adeniums and tylecodons. They make superb container or open garden subjects in and around the garden, especially around swimming pools and courtyards. Because this species grows mainly in the summer, plants must be kept dry during the colder winter months. They are ideal accent plants for a rockery, or may be planted in a large container on a sunny protected patio.

These plants fare best in a loamy or sandy soil where drainage is optimal. Adding plenty of river sand and general compost will greatly improve drainage in heavy clay soils. Soil quality can also be improved dramatically by lightly working some bone meal into the soil. Although smelly, the effect on soils is quite remarkable. As a rule of thumb, use only organic products, such as those based on seaweed extract, especially if plants are going to be fed on a regular basis. Organic products won't burn or damage plants.

As with all succulents one must be careful not to over-water. These plants can survive with very little water and too often plants die as a result of too much water. If one lives in a very wet area, it is best to rather keep plants in big containers where they can be easily moved to a sheltered place. This also helps where severe frost occurs as cypostemmas are not completely resistant to frost.

The seeds of Cyphostemma juttae can be sown in winter. (June to August). Although they take a considerable time to germinate, success is almost guaranteed. Propagation can also be undertaken by means of cuttings. Cuttings or truncheons can be made in coarse river sand. Again it is important to water with caution especially when cuttings have rooted.

References

• BARKUIZEN, B.P. 1987. Succulents of southern Africa. Purnell, Cape Town.
• JOFFE, P. 1993. The gardeners guide to South African plants. Tafelberg, Cape Town.

Werner Voigt
Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
August 2002